Are you aiming for any particular genre or just games literacy in general? Because you’re going to have to be a bit more specific if you don’t want loads of recommendations. 
‘literacy’ is an odd criteria to recommend games for. Something like Battlezone 98 is fantastic game, both for the concept and execution of a FPS/RTS hybrid, and being a genuinely great game. But in terms of ‘literacy’ is almost irrelevant since it’s a complete dead end - no one has really tried to do the same concept and even most of it’s really great UI ideas have gone ignored.
In terms of influence, you’d probably have to go for the high profile, landmark games. Monster Maze 3d, Wolfenstine 3d, Doom, Quake, Half-Life, Deux Ex, Halo, Bioshock, for your FPS lineage.
I guess RTS would be something like Carrier Command, Dune, Command And Conquer, Age Of Empires, Total Annihilation, Homeworld, Starcraft, Supreme Commander, Company Of Heros.
I’d do the other major genres but my brain is tired. Hat tip to anyone who manages to get a succinct list of RPG lineage games.