Having an appropriate number of threads (active in a given time-slice) allow CPUs to do productive work when they would otherwise be stalled (doing zero work). So yes…properly done they do. By how much depends on many many factors.
Only if you’re doing it wrong. It’s rarely expected that computational power is multiples by the number of physical CPUs however.
Multi-threading certainly requires experience, but it’s worthwhile. The biggest problem is that people, even with experience, always seem to want to over-engineer the problem.
My point isn’t: Hey run out and write your game mult-threaded…it’s let’s be sane about what we’re saying.