I’ve been looking online for an example off procedural sound. I see how you create the sampled array (google stack overflow how-to-generate-sound-effects-in-java, wont let me post links yet). Bot once I have that array, how do I play it?
Thanks in advance,
John
Simple code to get you started.
try
{
AudioFormat af = new AudioFormat(sampleRate, 16, 1, true, true);
DataLine.Info info = new DataLine.Info(SourceDataLine.class, af);
SourceDataLine source = (SourceDataLine) AudioSystem.getLine(info);
source.open(af);
// increase master gain to 75%
Type type = FloatControl.Type.MASTER_GAIN;
FloatControl fc = (FloatControl) source.getControl(type);
fc.setValue(fc.getMaximum() * 0.75f);
source.start();
while (this.isActive())
{
// stuff
source.write(raw, 0, raw.length);
}
// adds 20 bytes :o(
source.drain();
source.stop();
source.close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
// System.out.println(e);
}
Alternatively you can create a Clip, which is convenient for background sound
Try compiling this 
/*
* SoundTemplate4k.java
*
* Created on 29 December 2010
*/
/**
*
* @author Alan Waddington
*
*/
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.AWTEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import javax.sound.sampled.AudioFormat;
import javax.sound.sampled.AudioSystem;
import javax.sound.sampled.Clip;
import javax.sound.sampled.DataLine;
public class SoundTemplate4k extends Applet implements Runnable {
private final static int SCREENWIDTH = 600; // Screen width
private final static int SCREENHEIGHT = 400; // Screen height
private final static float RATE = 16000f;// Music sample rate
private final static float AMPLITUDE = 2048f; // Music amplitude
private byte musicLoop[]; // Array of 16 bit music sound samples
private Clip music; // Clip to play the above music track
// The following should be pasted in from Java4kSoundEditor
private final static int maxNote = 730;
private final static int length = 1018;
private final static int tempo = 210;
private final static String notes = "[42,#OB+^*(Un6*xG]]#io[%$\\_H]*eG:+#E7i^ W}T7 A'T7 UTR^ o^3^*)(R^ L@%7*/(E7 6@[7 /tx%$DUC^ 0y ,-)(R^ b|l]*0EX[*kKS^ (K;+#L7\\7 L3s]#/(E7 ='a^ #Un6*R<<^ 8%$A[2^*)(R^ S}a^ #Un6*`#5^ 8%$Mxw\\ o;'_ o;'_ rS9^*4L/,-qWf*#?rb<\"E$U%$:cP^*P<<^ .YK_ Aq]^*^#5^ # _ /yD^ 5q]^*IEv^ 1yD^ ll@^*3;2^*%8~] F7i^ qX2N!T#OM!LrXq#*LhR&po{]*+8~] qKF7 QzN]#uVT%$'8~] 7:>] .YK_ Bq]^*rDB7*grZ7 o+q7 g_/&$,q]^*-w%_ ^>[] 7Pp^ <r37*Bj\"^#0@h^ =\"+^*DUC^ 6Z{]*`#5^ oxx<\"_mw\\ 44v\\*jF5,#OB+^*(Un6*xG]]#io[%$\\_H]*eG:+#E7i^ W}T7 A'T7 UTR^ o^3^*)(R^ L@%7*/(E7 6@[7 /tx%$DUC^ 0y ,-)(R^ b|l]*0EX[*kKS^ (K;+#L7\\7 L3s]#/(E7 ='a^ #Un6*R<<^ 8%$A[2^*)(R^ S}a^ #Un6*`#5^ 8%$Mxw\\ o;'_ o;'_ rS9^*4L/,-qWf*#?rb<\"E$U%$:cP^*P<<^ .YK_ Aq]^*^#5^ # _ /yD^ 5q]^*IEv^ 1yD^ ll@^*3;2^*%8~] F7i^ qX2N!T#OM!LrXq#*LhR&po{]*+8~] qKF7 QzN]#uVT%$'8~] 7:>] .YK_ Bq]^*rDB7*grZ7 o+q7 g_/&$,q]^*-w%_ ^>[] 7Pp^ <r37*Bj\"^#0@h^ =\"+^*DUC^ 6Z{]*`#5^ {x^M!tbw\\ 3hE, *HKi -w%_ *$J]*eG:+#E7i^ W}T7 A'T7 UTR^ >X3,#OB+^*(Un6*xG]]#io[%$\\_H]*F7i^ ,HK] L7\\7 L3s]#/(E7 ='a^ s:S\\ fWi^ r*'] kKS^ >An]*\\_H]*l`%7*/(E7 6@[7 /tx%$DUC^ ,xa^ 9M]]#qS:+#F7i^ =\"+^*DUC^ ,xa^ 8M]]#(a2,#]l@^*yl@^*3HK] |\" _ K;u,#LC`6*)1O]#`w^]*tKS^ )+e^*/w%_ vKS^ R?O^*xl@^*ji-^ I'=_ [?O^*xP&^ :Pp^ IG6^ (;2^*%EB7*bYzM!{GeL!*7|y&T2_+#Q}a^ :#`6*c2~] [TE7 p\"D^ O?O^*{*e^*!1-_ +SE] &#r7 v71^#grZ7 btK] I'=_ ]?O^*1\"+^*FUC^ :I(] WZ!&$)(R^ S}a^ 3=eL!Q}a^ $gA<,Ria<\"1RP\\*g3ln7eG:+#E7i^ W}T7 A'T7 UTR^ >X3,#OB+^*(Un6*xG]]#io[%$\\_H]*F7i^ ,HK] L7\\7 L3s]#/(E7 ='a^ s:S\\ fWi^ r*'] kKS^ >An]*\\_H]*l`%7*/(E7 6@[7 /tx%$DUC^ ,xa^ 9M]]#qS:+#F7i^ =\"+^*DUC^ ,xa^ 8M]]#(a2,#]l@^*yl@^*3HK] |\" _ K;u,#LC`6*)1O]#`w^]*tKS^ )+e^*/w%_ vKS^ R?O^*xl@^*ji-^ I'=_ [?O^*xP&^ :Pp^ IG6^ (;2^*%EB7*bYzM!{GeL!*7|y&T2_+#Q}a^ :#`6*c2~] [TE7 p\"D^ O?O^*{*e^*!1-_ +SE] &#r7 v71^#grZ7 btK] I'=_ ]?O^*1\"+^*FUC^ :I(] WZ!&$)(R^ S}a^ 3=eL!Q}a^ zq'M+^iGM!BZl!*SwR, )d;_ Pb|[*";
private final static int TRIANGLEHARMONICS = 7; // Number of harmonics
private final static double TRIANGLEAMPLITUDE = 0.5; // Triangle Volume
private final static double SINAMPLITUDE = 0.2; // Sinewave Volume
private final static int ATTACK = 1000; // Note attack
private final static int DECAY = 1000; // Note decay
@Override
public void start() {
enableEvents(AWTEvent.KEY_EVENT_MASK);
new Thread(this).start();
}
public void run() {
//
// Initialise and start background music
//
// Create array of music frequencies
int i, j, k;
double[] freq = new double[100];
double f = 16.351562; // Frequency of C0 (C4 is middle C)
for (i=0; i<7*12; i++) {
freq[i] = f;
f *= 1.0594630944; // Evenly tempered scale (12th root 2)
}
// Create an array of bytes to store the background music
musicLoop = new byte[2*(int)( length*15f/tempo*RATE )];
// Read each note and render it into the loop
int semiQuaver = 0; // Start time for next note
int byte0, byte1, twoNotes=0;
for (i=0; i<maxNote; i++) {
if ((i & 1)==0) {
// Decode 5 chars to 1 int
twoNotes = 0;
for (j=4;j>=0;j--)
twoNotes = twoNotes*95+(int)notes.charAt(5*(i>>1)+j)-0x20;
}
byte0 = twoNotes & 0xff; // Frequency
byte1 = twoNotes>>8 & 0xff; // Delay & Duration
twoNotes=twoNotes>>16;
double frequency = freq[byte0 & 0x7f];
if (byte0 >127) // If bit7 is set, there is a delay before note
semiQuaver += (byte1>>4 & 0x0f) + 1; // Note start time
int duration = (byte1 & 0x0f) + 1; // Note duration
// Calculate start and stop times in terms of samples
int start = (int)( (semiQuaver)*15f/tempo*RATE );
int stop = (int)( (semiQuaver+duration)*15f/tempo*RATE );
// Calculate each sample and render it into the music loop
double sample;
for (j=start; j<stop; j++) {
double time = (j-start)/RATE; // Time (seconds)
// Triangle fundamental + sinusoidal 4th and 6th harmonics
sample = 0.0;
for (k=1; k<=TRIANGLEHARMONICS; k+=2) {
f = frequency*k;
if (f<RATE/2.0) // Nyquist frequency
sample += Math.sin(Math.PI*f*time*2.0)/(k*k);
}
sample = sample*TRIANGLEAMPLITUDE
+ (Math.sin(Math.PI*frequency*time*8.0)
+ Math.sin(Math.PI*frequency*time*12.0))
* SINAMPLITUDE;
// Apply attack and decay to avoid clicks
if (j-start<ATTACK) sample *= (j-start)/(float)ATTACK;
if (stop-j<DECAY) sample *= (stop-j)/(float)DECAY;
// Add the 16 bit sample to loop
int data = (musicLoop[2*j]<<8)+(musicLoop[2*j+1] & 0xff);
data += (int)(AMPLITUDE*sample);
musicLoop[2*j+1] = (byte)(data & 0xff);
musicLoop[2*j] = (byte)((data>>8) & 0xff);
}
}
try {
// Initialise Sound System
AudioFormat audioFormat = new AudioFormat(RATE, 16, 1, true, true);
DataLine.Info info = new DataLine.Info(Clip.class, audioFormat);
music = (Clip)AudioSystem.getLine(info);
music.open(audioFormat, musicLoop, 0, musicLoop.length);
music.loop(Clip.LOOP_CONTINUOUSLY);
} catch (Exception e) {}
//
// End of Music Section
//
BufferedImage screen = new BufferedImage(
SCREENWIDTH, SCREENHEIGHT, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
while(!isActive()) Thread.yield();
Graphics g = getGraphics();
requestFocus();
do {
if (g!=null) {
g.drawImage(screen, 0,0,null);
}
Thread.yield();
} while (isActive());
music.stop(); // Required to stop music when applet is not in foreground
}
/** Process Key Event */
@Override
protected void processKeyEvent(KeyEvent e) {
// Key Handler ...
}
}
I tried this last night and looks good (SoundTemplate4K). Is there any explanation anywhere on how to create new songs… The notes string/code looks too complex for my simple ‘lazy’ mind to decipher
Also, have you tried this within a game, ie… Does the sound cause the game/graphics to stutter once you implement your game logic.
/* Music Data
Each integer is then encoded into 5 chars and added to the string. Don’t forget to escape ‘’ and ‘"’ for pasting into your source code.
n = integer representing two notes
for (int k=0;k<5;k++) {
char ch = (char)(n - 95*(int)(n/95)+ 0x20);
if (ch=='"' || ch=='\\')
s += '\\';
s += ch;
n /=95;
}
I wrote a program to convert MIDI files, but it is a bit quirky, so not really releaseable.
Thank you all, this will undoubtedly come in handy.
Thanks Alan, Very helpful. Your template doesn’t appear to use double buffering (I think appel pointed this out last year too), but was easily fixed, other than this looks good for music. Will see!